What is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain is either blocked (ischemic stroke) or interrupted by bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). Without oxygen and nutrients, brain cells begin to die within minutes.

Types of Stroke:

Ischemic Stroke – Caused by a blood clot (accounts for ~85% of all strokes)

Hemorrhagic Stroke – Caused by a ruptured blood vessel

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – Temporary blockage; often a warning sign of a future stroke

Recognizing Early Warning Signs: The FAST Test

The FAST acronym is a simple and effective way to identify the most common signs of stroke:

F – Face Drooping

A – Arm Weakness

S – Speech Difficulty

T – Time to Call Emergency Help

If any of these signs are present, call emergency services immediately. Time lost is brain lost.

Other Warning Signs to Watch For

In addition to FAST symptoms, be alert to:

Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially one side of the body)

Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech

Vision problems in one or both eyes

Dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination

Severe headache with no known cause

What to Do If You Suspect a Stroke

Act immediately. Do not wait for symptoms to improve

Call emergency services or rush to the nearest stroke-ready hospital.

Note the time symptoms started – this helps doctors decide on the best treatment (e.g., thrombolysis

Do not give any food, water, or medication unless advised by a medical professional.

Importance of Timely Treatment

If given within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, clot-busting medication (tPA) can restore blood flow and minimize brain damage in ischemic strokes. In certain cases, mechanical clot retrieval procedures can be performed within 6–24 hours.

Conclusion

Stroke can strike without warning, but recognizing the signs and acting FAST can make all the difference. If you or a loved one shows any symptoms, seek immediate neurological care.

For expert stroke diagnosis, emergency care, and rehabilitation, trust Dr. Vivek Barun—Senior Consultant Neurologist at Artemis Hospital, Gurugram.